Food chain essays

Food chain essays A food chain is an idea developed by a scientist named Charles Elton in 1927. He described the way plants get energy from sunlight, plant-eating animals get their energy from eating plants, and meat-eating animals get their energy from eating other animals. The idea of a chain means that all these animals are linked together, so anything that affects one link in the chain affects everything in the chain. ]The key concept that we need to learn from food chains, food webs and food pyramids is the transfer of energy. For all life on earth there is only one available source of energy, the sun. Furthermore, only plants can change this energy into a form that can be used by animals. All plants rely either directly or indirectly on plants for their energy. Plants feed upon sunlight. Only plants have the ability to convert sunlight into food that they and animals can use. Feeding levels are also called trophic levels. The word "trophic" is a Greek word for nourishment. To determine the trophic level, we count the number of energy transfers. Green plants are at the first trophic, or nourishment, level because there has been one transfer of energy, from the sun to the plants. The first link in the chain, the plant, is called the producer, while all the links above it are called consumers. For example, look at a simple chain in which grass uses sunlight to produce sugars and proteins so it can grow. Rabbits eat the grass, and get energy from it. Foxes eat rabbits and get energy from them. Nothing eats foxes, so they are said to be at the top of that particular food chain. If something happens to the grass, suppose a farmer plows up some of the grass to plant a field. Then the rabbits have less food and some of them will die. Then because there are fewer rabbits, some of the foxes will die, too, even though they don't eat the grass directly. Of course, in the real world, there are no simple food chains like this. Rabbits eat many thin...

HOW TO FIND EXPERT SOURCES FOR ARTICLES

HOW TO FIND EXPERT SOURCES FOR ARTICLES Quotes from experts on a topic lend authority to your articles, and can make the difference between a sale to a magazine and another rejection slip for your collection. What kind of experts should you look for? Doctors are the number one expert for any sort of medical topic. If you’re covering legal matters, talk to a lawyer. A professor or scientist who’s published research on a subject is an expert, as is anyone who teaches the subject, works in a field related to the subject, or who has written a nonfiction book on the topic. Interviewing these people and including their thoughts and comments in your article gives readers – and editors – the information they’re looking for. So how do you find these experts? One or all of the following should yield you multiple authorities you can interview on almost any topic: People you know. Your personal doctor, the lawyer who’s your neighbor and the fitness instructor who goes to your church are all potential experts you could interview. These people are often the easiest for you to contact, but their knowledge may not always be the best, and after very many articles your small circle of acquaintances won’t yield enough experts to sustain your writing career. Any large University. Universities have media liaisons whose primary job is to connect the professors, research fellows, doctors at the university hospital, and others with journalists who are eager to hear what these professionals have to say. Call the University’s main number, ask for the media relations department and explain what you’re writing about.Chances are the liaison will find you an expert to interview. Profnet (profnet.com) This is my personal favorite. Register for free as a journalist with Profnet, then post your query. You can select the type of people you want to interview (professors, doctors, book authors) etc. andProfnet will send the query out to thousands of colleges and universities, large corporations, public relations firms and individuals who will contact you Help a Reporter Out. (helpareporter.com) Like Profnet, this is a service where you can post a query and receive responses from people all over the United States who are willing, even eager, to help you. If you think these experts won’t want to talk to little old you, think again. People like to talk about themselves and their interests. If you can possibly get their name in a magazine one day, so much the better. Tips to keep in mind: Have a list of questions prepared for your interview. Some sources want to see these beforehand. Always ask â€Å"Who else should I talk to about this subject? I’ve gotten some terrific leads to other experts this way. Say thank you. Send a follow-up email or written note. And be sure to send a copy of the article when it’s published.

Gastineau v. Gastineau, 151 Misc. 2d 813, 573 N.Y.S.2d 819 (1991) Essay

Gastineau v. Gastineau, 151 Misc. 2d 813, 573 N.Y.S.2d 819 (1991) - Essay Example Gastineau left his job as a result of this ailment (Aspen 2011) According to Ullah v. Ullah, 555 N.Y.S.2d 834 (2nd  Dep’t 1990) it is stated that both parties should gain an equitable share. The court found that Marcus dissolute the marital assets and the marital status were taken as if they existed. There has to be proof that the assets are not lost as part of marital purpose. The nature of the defendant in the football is said that in the year 1989 he tried to seek job in a few places with no success and the place where he worked previously also did not offer him a job (Thomas, 2013). The entire amount that was acquired when both parties were together would be shared by the couple after a divorce. The court argues that the defendant will still have an obligation to pay more as he continues to make a living (William 2012). The defendant claims that his name had gotten a negative connotation. The defendant did not appear in court for a number of court dates and so according to the domestic law 243 he got a fine of $ 83, 000. The domestic relations law 170 intervened and granted the plaintiff a divorce based on the inhuman and cruel treatment. The case was resolved fairly (William,

Situational Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Situational Business Ethics - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that the hospitality industry, such as hotels and restaurants, has to a certain extent a form of unwritten code of ethics, which inexplicably nestle in the heads of employers or managers. Hence, a code of conduct expressing a restaurant’s ethics is as significant as a successful marketing plan. When a restaurant chain enlarges its operation globally, local talent should be employed and trained in relation to: honesty, responsibility, harmony, understanding, and quality. Moreover, equality of all employees in relation to human rights should be addressed justly, promptly and rightfully to the contentment of all involved. This study outlines that the subsequent reaction of the customer and the management to Hatton’s actions contributed to the ethical dilemmas that the company has to resolve through the peer-review process. In this case study ethical issues and possible problem or conflict resolutions will be discussed. Of course, there is a necessity to communicate ethical practices and an effective management is not possible if ethical conducts are not forcefully carried out. Serving others is a dignified line of work and can be exercised in a polite and honest fashion with sensible ethical imperatives to gain the advantages of growth, prosperity, and success. The primary stakeholders in the study are Ruth Hatton, the customer, and Diane Canant, the supervisor. Ruth Hatton’s responsibility is to be well-informed with their Code of Business Ethics and Conduct and conform to all policies and procedures of the company. Claims of lack of knowledge, poor judgment, or good intentions will no t be tolerated as reasons for failure to comply.

The Adventure of the Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

The Adventure of the Speckled Band Essay When we first meet Helen Stoner, her personality describes her as a kind and pious woman. She lived with her step-father, the only relative alive. She has no persona because she is an honest person and she shares her feelings with everyone. Her motivation is to find out how her sister has been murdered. In that time and place, womens status were low therefore, they were not considered as important as men: â€Å"It is not cold that makes me shiver† This leads to the theme of lonliness because she feels that she is alone and haso one to go to but Holmes. This whole quote is a powerful symbol which tells the reader that she is in a terrible condition. Also, it puts an image in the readers mind of the structures and features of the body that must have worn out due to a long period of time of stress. This is typical of women when they loose a relative that they be in deep depression. When we first meet Dr. Roylott, his background personality has already been revealed by his step daughter. His motivation is to keep Helen under control. Dr. Roylott has no persona because his personality reveals himself as an angry and aggressive man. In that time and place, England were at the centre of the world therefore Dr. Roylott incredibly thinks he is a powerful master. Also, he has a pet cheetah which symbolises that he is forgein and by keeping this pet, Dr. Roylott imitates himself as this powerful preditor. As later text in films such as Blade, in which he is half human . half vampire? In this case, British people will be afraid of him because of his tan which give him the air of not being from the Brtitish Isles. â€Å"A large face, seared with a thousand wrinkles. † This leads to the theme of stress because he has spent his life in prison because he killed someone in Calcutta. Also, it leads to the theme of power because of him having a medical degree and that he is a doctor – thoses were high classed jobs. The word â€Å"thousand wrinkles† symbolises that a person has been living a miserable life. The word â€Å"seared† also puts an image in the readers mind that in prison he must have lived a tourtourous life. Also, â€Å"seared† means burned so it reminds the reader that he is forgien. When we first meet Sherlock Holmes, his personality reveals himself as a kind but stern person. His motivation is to solve the mystery of Helen’s sisters death. He has no persona because he is an honest person and as part of a scientific dectective their job is not to be biased but to take everything into account. In that time and place, detectives didn’t consider women as important unless their came with their husbands, fathers or other male relatives. To grab the dectectives attention, unlike Holmes, he treats women and men as equals. His place in society is high because firstly he is a scientific detective and because he loves investigating the real cause of murders for no financial gain, this shows that people have more respect for them as he understand the needs of humanity. A later text, this sort of dectective comes in the film ‘The Fugitive’ because the dectective in the film describes himself a lot like Holmes. â€Å"Dark enough and sinister enough. † This leads to the theme of cunning and cleaverness because as soon as Helencame in, he spotted all the signs on her body that had a link to Dr. Roylott. Also, it leads to the theme of magic and witch craft because usually, witchcraft is more of a major sin than committing a murder but Sherlock Holmes is expressing his thoughts clearly believes that killing someone is a grave sin. This whole quote is a powerful symbol because when he says â€Å"Dark enough† it means that this case is full of obstacles and the words â€Å"sinister enough† means that this kind of case cannot get more evil. Also, if you put the quote together, it makes the reader feel that as if the sin that has been committed there is no forgiveness.

Creative Story: The Ride :: essays research papers

Creative Story: The Ride It was a beautiful day and definitely not forewarning of the events that would change my life. The warm Las Vegas sun was shining brightly in the blue and cloudless sky. A light breeze cooled the warm air just enough to stop the body from sweating. The breeze was clean and crisp that blew along with the scent of a spring day. The only noise was the roar of the engine as I twisted the throttle and accelerated through the twisted roads near my home. As everything raced by me, I felt a rush of adrenaline, then the fateful turn approached. I had taken the turn a hundred times before but today it would change my life. Around the turn would be my motorcycle accident that would cause me to take life much more seriously. Before the accident my lifestyle was very fast paced. I spent almost all of my time with my friends going out to parties every night. My life was in control without any abusive habits, it was just fast paced and fun times with friends. Never being at home added to an already stressful family environment. My high school education suffered from too much fun and too little studying. My father made being at home a very uneasy feeling, making me want to stay away even more. He never took any time to help me with school, car or money. I always had to work to earn everything, the only thing I wasn't paying for was rent. In turn I wanted little to do with my father, stepmother or brother, never contributing or helping out. I even stopped going with them on vacations. The feelings I had were that I just wanted to be alone by myself, independent. For four months after the accident I was unable to do anything that I had previously done in the normal routine of my life. With a full leg and hand cast I spent almost all my time during the four months recovering on the couch in the living room. I finished my junior year of high school at my bedroom desk. During this period I developed a lot of patience from the slow healing process of my bones. I also spent a great deal of time thinking, assessing, and contemplating my life and my future. Some of my thoughts were "What was I doing with my life?", "Where was I headed?", "What was in my future for myself?", "What did I want to do with my life?", "How my family life was affecting me?

Macbeth: Reasons For The Development Of Insanity Essay

Insanity, as defined as an inability to act rationally, develops most commonly in individuals as a response to conditions with which the mind is unable to cope. Prolonged or intense, sudden psychological trauma always results in denial or repression in some form or another, both of which cause the individual to gradually lose their grip on reality. In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, as the chaos and guilt caused by their immoral actions increases, the prevalent characters deteriorate into insanity. Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, and Macduff slip into delusion and desperate acts as an outlet for their growing disgust with both themselves and the consequences of their actions. The play opens with a description of gruesome war, in the thick of which is Macbeth, alluding to the dangerous internal conflict going on within him- he is at once consumed by ambition, yet completely lacking in the self-confidence to support it. Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s weak character, marked by his inability to make decisions that are not black and white in nature and his susceptibility to persuasion, is clearly displayed in his constant need for reassurance from outside influences and his expression of desire that his actions could have no consequence, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœIf it were done when â€Å"‘†tis done, then â€Å"‘†twere well twere done quickly. If th†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ assassination Could trammel up the consequence and catch With his surcease, success, that but this blow Might be the be-all and the end-all – here.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (I.vii.1-5) Since this is obviously impossible, he attempts to break the murder of Duncan down into the most basic and acceptable cause and effect- his ambition. If there are no tangible affirmations for the immoral actions that Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s ambition prompts he invents them, such as the bloody dagger he imagines leads him to kill Duncan. In any case, Macbeth attempts to evade the consequences of his morally ambiguous decisions by shifting their perceivable source to either his wife or the supernatural world, in his mind effectually making him only a pawn to the whims of fate. As Macbeth contemplates Duncan†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s virtues and other compelling moral reasons for aborting the crime, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœHis virtues will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued against the deep damnation of his taking-off,'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (I.vii.18-20) morality seems to be the most complicating factor in the decision to commit murder and thus, is also the biggest obstacle to his ambition. So, to simplify things, Macbeth allows his moral arguments to be rejected. However, once he sets his morals aside, he cannot regain them, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœI am in blood stepped in so far that should I wade no more, returning were as tedious as go o†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ er. Strange things I have in head that will to hand, which must be acted ere they may be scanned.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (III.iv.136-140) At this point Macbeth admits that his actions are too horrific to ever be forgiven, therefore the only avenue of action left to him that he perceives is to continue along the path he is already following. He can no longer tolerate being a walking contradiction; feeling immense guilt for the murders he commits, but all the time plotting more to salve his paranoia of being found out. To remedy this, Macbeth resolves to suppress his conscience completely, turning him irrevocably evil from this point on, possibly with the aid of a hard whack to his forehead1. Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s abrupt turn of mood, from paranoid depression to manic delusion, is directly related to the prophecies of the weà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rd sisters that give him the false confidence he needs for affirmation of his actions and therefore solidifies his denial. Previously, as Macbeth begins to doubt that hiring murders to kill Banquo and Fleance will absolve him of the guilt, he subconsciously vents his horror at his action through the hallucination of Banquo†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s ghost, while at the same time trying desperately to convince himself otherwise, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœThou canst not say I did it; never shake thy gory locks at me!'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (III.iv.50-51) These fits of paranoia are products of Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s feelings of guilt that only compound as Macbeth tries to suppress them, surfacing in hallucinations that threaten to expose him and a violent defence mechanism of murdering anyone that could be perceived as a threat. Macbeth seems to sense that it is only a matter of time before lying himself into an illusion of security fails. As everyone, including his wife, continually abandons him, Macbeth sinks into a mood of nihilism that follows his psychological pattern of denial and justification by allowing him to claim that if life is ultimately without consequence then his crimes are also meaningless, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœLife†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage, And then is heard no more. It is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (IV.v.23-27) Against all rational logic, Macbeth concludes that he is innocent of any permanently damning acts, but also that life holds no further purpose for him. Like her husband, Lady Macbeth learns that there is such a thing as guilt by association. She is plagued by the knowledge that she herself did not kill Duncan, but is directly responsible for his death. Before the murder of Duncan, she has a misguided impression of aggression and violence as inherent male traits, and draws the conclusion that anyone truly masculine should be able to commit murder without repercussions on their conscience. Her compulsive need to wash herself clean of imaginary blood indicates that, unlike her husband who can respond to the nagging of his conscience by pushing it away completely, she cannot forgive herself, nor force herself to forget her culpability. Also, unlike Macbeth who nullifies his guilt, she magnifies her own to the point where it consumes her. Perhaps Lady Macbeth can sense the irony of her inability to cleanse herself of Duncan†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s imaginary, yet permanently staining blood, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœYet who would have thought the old man to have so much blood on him?'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (V.i.33-34) when earlier she scolds Macbeth for making the same claim, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœA little water clears us of this deed. How easy is it then!'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (II.ii.70-71) Indeed, Lady Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s decline into insanity is marked most sharply by her contrast to both her earlier character and the character now being taken up by her husband, suggesting that if she listens to the his reservations, she can avoid the mental turmoil that she experiences later. However, Lady Macbeth expects that the amount of urging Macbeth requires to kill the first time is indicative of an inability to plot further murders. Instead she is constantly reminded of the atrocity she instigated by Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s insistence to raise the body count as high as possible. Disillusionment more than anything else is what pushes her over the brink of insanity and into an agony of anxiety and despair; gaining the throne does not bring her happiness, nor does it justify Duncan†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s death. Accompanied only by Lady Macbeth, Macduff is the only other character that admits responsibility for their actions. Macduff†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s sanity is severely shaken by the sudden shock of learning that his entire family has been cruelly murdered at Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s orders. He responds with passionate grief and regret for leaving them at Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s mercy, while he himself flees beyond Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s reach. When compared with the reactions of Ross and Malcolm, Macduff seems almost hysterical, but justifiably so. It is Ross and Malcolm that seem to have disproportionate emotion. Malcolm†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s claims that Macduff should avenge the murder of his family by challenging Macbeth are fraught with hypocrisy, since Malcolm himself flees when his own father is murdered instead of taking his own advice. His urgings to Macduff seem to come from selfish means, (he needs an army with which to defeat Macbeth) instead of any real concern for the grief that Macduff is feeling. Macduff expresses his exasperation at Malcolm†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s disregard and his feelings of culpability for provoking the tyrannical Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s wraith, ‘†Ã¢â‚¬ËœBut I must also feel it as a man; I cannot but remember such things were That were most precious to me. Did heaven look on, And would not take their part? Sinful Macduff, They were all struck for thee.'†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (IV.iii.224-228) Eventually Macduff does agree to Malcolm†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s requests as it becomes increasingly apparent that he will not receive the sympathy he seeks from anyone. Indeed Macduff throws himself into the aim with obsessive vigour, having nothing left to live for. Macduff†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s frantic charge to meet in a fight to the death with his nemesis seems to mirror his Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s own nihilistic mood- however, Macduff†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ s willingness to die originates from despair rather than apathy. In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the main characters stew in guilt upon realization of the aftermath of their actions, driving them to insanity. In that neither Macbeth, nor Lady Macbeth, nor Macduff can escape the mental anguish as consequence of their actions, Shakespeare effectively hits home the idea that one should thoroughly check their conscience before they act.

Discuss substance abuse on the job

Substance abuse in the workplace is defined as overdependence on or overindulgence in a certain chemical substance resulting to effects that harm the mental and physical health of the individual or the wellbeing of others. The substance taken by the abuser does not have any medicinal or therapeutic effect on the individual. Substance abuse at the workplace is not a new issue but the problem has affected many companies and business organizations for a long time.Some of the most common substances that are abused in the workplace include alcohol, opium alkaloids, cocaine and barbiturates among others (King and Chassin, 2008: 629-637). Abuse of substances not only affects the workplace but it may also lead to criminal penalty and at the same time the individual involved may be harmed socially, physically and also psychologically depending on the local authority within the individual’s environment. Substance abuse in most cases results to substance dependence or addiction to the su bstance and so the individual is unable to work without the substance.Individuals who are addicted or dependent on a certain substances need to develop some tolerance for them to cope with the problem and these results to withdrawal symptoms. Substance dependence and abuse are different from substance addiction in that addiction involves duress to using the substance no matter the negative effects of the substance on the individual and in some cases it may involve chemical dependence although not always. Substance dependence implies some kind of abuse although abuse takes place without dependence and in most cases it occurs when an employee first engages in the abuse of the substance.Dependence is a physiological process and on the other hand substance abuse shows an intricate interaction between the individual, the society and the substance abused by the individual (King and Chassin, 2008: 629-637). SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN THE JOB Substance abuse in the workplace is not a new concept an d at various instances throughout history there have been issues of substance abuse in the workplace. In the past years the abuse of substances in the work place has encountered a dismissive attitude and so many organizations have tried to adopt working with the problem rather than developing ways to counter the issue.Many organizations have therefore come to a conclusion that substance abuse and especially alcohol abuse in the workplace is not a problem that can easily be secluded from the workplace. Currently it has emerged that substance abuse is detrimental both to the workers and the organization although this concept has not been universally accepted. Most organizations have realized that for them to be internationally competitive they need to deal with the issue of substance abuse among the employees in an effective manner.The following are some of the reasons behind substance abuse in the workplace: Psychological disorders are a cause of substance abuse in cases where some e mployees use substance abuse so as to reject, adapt to or hide a fundamental psychological disorder. Depression in the workplace may also lead to substance abuse because it affects an individual’s ability to work effectively in the daily activities like caring for family members and going to work. Schizophrenia is also another cause of substance abuse in the workplace.Panic disorder in the workplace leads to periods of irrational fear and this may lead to substance abuse so as to get rid of the fear. Social phobia may also lead to substance abuse. Social phobia affects an individual when he or she has an intense fear of being humiliated socially, this happens when the person does not want to embarrass himself in front of other workmates. Emotional stress may also lead to substance abuse in the workplace. Emotional stress in the workplace may be as a result of a lot of work or difficulties in the family of the affected individual.There are a number of syndromes that may lead t o substance abuse in the work place, these include: Austrian syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome and also the Gulf War syndrome. Harassment in the workplace may also lead to substance abuse as a result of trying to cope with the threats posed by the harassment (wrong diagnosis, 2009). Although the above factors may result to substance abuse in the workplace some individuals may become addicted while others do not. This is because of the following factors: The genes that people are born with are very unique and this means that the level of addiction of people varies due to the genes present.Gender, social status, ethnicity and other mental disorders also affect the level of addiction to a certain substance. An individual’s environment which includes the family, friends, workmates and the quality of life affect the individual’s risk of substance abuse. Peer pressure and parental guidance affect the course of substance abuse and the level of addiction of an individual. The l evel of addiction vulnerability is affected by developmental stages of the individual.Although substance abuse at any developmental stage may lead to addiction there is evidence to show that the earlier the substance abuse begins the more likely it is to progress to serious cases of addiction. Adolescents have a higher chance of trying substances because their brains are still undergoing development in the sections that determine self-control, decision making and judgment (Robert and Neil, 2009). SYMPTOMS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AT THE WORKPLACE Different substances may have differing effects on the overall health of the individual but the pattern of the effects on the individual’s mental and physical health is similar.Acquiring and at the same time using the substance becomes more essential to an individual as compared to everything else like friends, workmates or the family. Substance abuse causes some emotional and physical damages to the individual and so the individual is fac ed with a problem of functioning in the right way and also the ability of the individual to make appropriate judgments is also affected. Substance abuse affects the brain and the physical body in a direct way as it is the case in some substances that increase the blood pressure and the heart rate.Some substances that act as stimulants in the body for example cocaine increasing the activities of the body resulting to increased blood pressure and therefore the individual lacks the ability to sleep. On the other hand there are some substances that slow down the level of activities in the body for example barbiturates, these substances reduce the blood pressure of the body and also reduce the level of breathing and sometimes it may go to some dangerous levels. There are several physical signs of substance abuse and addiction in the workplace which include some instances of increased energy.This is when an individual is seen to act in a way that shows he or she has some increased energy although the source of the energy may not be known. One major symptom associated with stimulants is restlessness and the lack of sleep by the worker. Although some workers may be naturally restlessness it is always necessary to carefully note any changes in the workers’ levels of restlessness as it may be as a result of substance abuse. Some strange behaviors expressed by the workers may be a symptom of substance abuse, some of these behaviors include: slow reaction time, unusual slow movements, slow speeches or confusion at the workplace.Most of these behaviors are common with those individuals who abuse opium or barbiturates. Another symptom is a rapid loss of weight or in some instances it may be a sudden gain in weight. Cycles of abnormal sleep is also a symptom of substance abuse. A rapid change in the manner of dressing may also be a symptom of substance abuse, for example wearing long sleeved shirts at all times so as to hide the scars caused by injections in the proce ss of substance abuse. An increased severe dental condition is a symptom mostly with those workers who use methamphetamine.If a certain worker is suspected of being in possession of drug paraphernalia like syringes and pipes, this may be an indicator of substance abuse by the worker. A major symptom for those substances that are snorted is severe troubles with nosebleeds or frequent nose bleeding. Substances that are normally smoked have a major symptom of continuous coughs which at high levels of substance abuse may increase to coughing of blood or excessive mucus. Substance abuse affects the mood of the individual because the substance is consumed to provide temporary feelings to the individual.The temporary feeling resulting from substance abuse may vary with the substance used by the individual although the following are the major emotional and mental symptoms of substance abuse. A period of an individual being unusually talkative with a lot of energy or some times the individua l becoming unusually cheerful is a major emotional symptom of substance abuse. An increase in the level of verge for violence expressed by the individual is another emotional symptom of substance abuse. Workers who show signs of increased irritability, fury and agitation may be involved in substance abuse.Another major emotional and mental symptom of substance abuse is unexpected calmness or workers becoming unresponsive. Lack of interest and depression may also be an emotional symptom of substance abuse. Other minor emotional and mental symptoms include hallucinations, fear, temporary psychosis and increased anger (Joanna, Jeanne and Deborah, January 2009). Other physical signs that indicate a person is abusing a certain substance or he is under the influence of a certain substance vary from one substance to another, for example: A worker who uses tobacco will have a frequent odor of tobacco, discolored teeth and finger tips.Individuals who use cannabis experience abnormal levels o f hunger, excessive happiness and the white parts of their eyes are red in color. Those who use cold medications have slow heart rates and are sleepy at most times. Inhalants are characterized by running noses confusion and irritability of the users. Users of narcotics experience pain at a lower level, slow rates of breathing and excessive happiness. Those who use anabolic steroids experience an increase in their levels of irritability, increased muscle development and loss of hair.Dissociative anesthetics are associated with an increase in the heart rate resulting to increased blood pressure, loss of memory and also increased irritability. Hallucinogens are associated with sleeplessness and blurred perceptions. Club drugs are associated with very active individuals who do not sweat and they also seem to like everyone they meet or having excessive euphoria. The following behavioral symptoms are associated with the abuse of substances. Mood swings: All the substances abused end up pr oducing some changes in the moods of the individual, a person may shift from euphoria to depression.A person who is into abuse of substances may be passive at one time and in the next few minutes he is angry. Personality changes are also a symptom of abuse of substances in the workplace. This is evident in that individuals become depressed and avoid communication with their workmates. Defensiveness is also a symptom of substance abuse in the workplace because individuals blame others and they claim to be accused falsely. Those who are into substance abuse soon become self-centered and they do anything their own way without consulting their workmates.Withdrawal from family activities is also a symptom of workers engaging in substance abuse, this includes rejecting any family events or not eating together with the other family members. Change of friends, for example termination of a long relationship or spending time with suspicious friends is a behavioral symptom of substance abuse. Sudden lack of self discipline and capability to follow rules and regulations in the workplace is a sign of substance abuse too.Work problems like absences, tardiness, avoiding senior staff members, missed deadlines and a drop in the quality of results obtained is a behavioral sign of substance abuse. EFFECTS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE ON PERFORMANCE AND WORKSAFETY According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), in the recent years there has been an increased realization in many countries concerning the effects of substance abuse on the performance of the employees. The fact that substance abuse is detrimental to both the employees and the organization has been widely accepted in the past few years although the issue has not been recognized universally.Substance abuse does not only affect the performance of the work as a whole but it also results to increased accidents, absenteeism, mortality and illness. These effects of substance abuse are related to the cost of doing business an d therefore for businesses to succeed they should come up with ways of reducing substance abuse among the employees. Over the past few years studies have shown that absenteeism is three times higher for substance users compared to other employees (ILO, 2009).Absenteeism has a direct effect on the business in that the business may not achieve its target therefore it may be unable to satisfy its customers and hence a negative reputation from the public in general. Absenteeism due to substance abuse leads to overwork of the other employees which may then result to poor quality of work leading to poor quality goods and reduced sales. Very high rates of absenteeism in an organization as a result of substance abuse may lead to complete closure of the organization due to lack of employees.Study has also shown that employees who are substance abusers may claim three times more sickness benefits compared to the other employees (ILO, 2009). The sick benefits increase the cost of operation of the business and so the business suffers financially because a huge portion of its returns is used to cater for the sick benefits. Workers who are substance dependent file more compensation claims as compared to those who are not, this increases the expenses the organization incurs in litigation processes and therefore it reduces the profitability of the organization.Study has also revealed that almost a quarter of all the accidents that occur in the workplaces are caused by intoxicated workers who either harm themselves or end up harming other workmates, this reduces the performance of the organization as resources are used in treating the injured. Accidents due to intoxication of some workers also lead to absence of workers which is fatal to the organization (ILO, 2009). As a result of increased research in the area of substance abuse and work performance it is evident that the problems in the workplace as a result of substance abuse are not restricted to alcoholics and drug addic ts only.Although alcoholics and heavy drinkers are groups most likely to cause accidents in the workplaces their numbers are quite low in most of the workplaces. Due to this moderate and occasional drinkers are responsible for most accidents in the workplace resulting due to alcohol or intoxication. The level of consumption of some substances is directly related to the performance of the individual. According to a research carried out to investigate the effects of alcohol on the performance of pilots, it was noted that before any consumption of alcohol 10% of the pilots could not carry out their operations in the right manner.After consumption of alcohol up to an alcohol-blood concentration of 0. 11/100ml of blood, 90% of the pilots could not perform all the necessary operations in the right way. After all the alcohol had gotten out of their systems 65% of the pilots could not carry out all their operations in the right way (ILO, 2009). A similar research to the one carried on pilot s was carried on workers who use other types of substances and the results were almost the same. This is a clear indication of the fact that substance abuse negatively affects the performance of workers therefore leading to poor results.Research has identified not only those areas that are at the risk of substance abuse but it has also identified the reasons behind the occurrence of substance abuse problems in some industries and not in all industries. Out of a number of major workplaces that were researched upon the following were identified as the areas that are most likely to be affected by substance abuse: construction industry, military, transport sector, catering sector, maritime sector and the entertainment services industry.Workers who are of a lower status and young are more likely to indulge into substance abuse and hence their performance in the workplace is quite low. The other groups of workers who reduce the performance of their industries due to substance abuse are la wyers, doctors, police officers and company directors. The performance of workers who engage themselves in substance abuse is highly affected due to the fact that this group of workers tends to fall sick more frequently as compared to the other workers and therefore their level of performance is below the optimum.Substance abuse also affects organizations in that it lowers the productivity of the organization because of absenteeism, accidents and health issues related to the workers. Family problems also occur due to substance abusing and these problems may end up being extended to the workplace, for example a husband who is into substance abuse may cause problems in his home that may affect the productivity of the wife in her workplace.Job loss is another effect of substance abuse and these leads to lack of enough workers in the workplace and therefore the productivity of the organization is greatly affected. Substance abuse affects the employers in that it leads to safety problems that affect the whole organization, the employees and the general public and it also increases the costs incurred by the organization, decreases the productivity of the organization and reduces the competitive advantage of the organization.Security of most enterprises whose workers are into substance abuse is also affected because some substances may cause individuals to be angry and violent. Violence in any enterprise affects the performance of the enterprise because the workers are not freely working as they fear being affected by actions of those workers who are into substance abuse. Substance abuse also leads to continued disagreements in the workplace and therefore the workers spend a lot of time arguing, this time would have however been spent in productive activities of the enterprise.Health issues that are as a result of substance abuse affect the performance of the workers; a good example of this is the case of alcohol. Excessive consumption of alcohol leads to health prob lems as a result of liver failure, workers who are affected by this condition may find it difficult to work at their normal rates and this causes them to reduce their performance level in the workplace. Employers will mostly make the decision of not adopting substance testing policies because they assume that they will confidently detect the abuse of substances among their employees.Regrettably the effects of substance use are rarely noticeable in the first stages until the employers have greatly incurred losses as a result of substance abuse. Those beginning substance abuse are not likely to portray the typical characteristics of a substance user although the substance in his body affects the ability of the employee to function efficiently. At the entry level of the substance the employee has shifted from the recreational use of the substances and now the substances are required by the employees to help them cope with their daily stress.The major effects of the abuse on the employe e performance at this stage are seen by: increased tardiness and absenteeism, an increase in the rate of errors as a result of lack of attention and proper judgment and the increase in the number of unachieved deadlines at the workplace. At the second stage the employee develops a habit of using the substance in secret place so as to hide the increase in the intake from other workers.At this stage the employee develops the following problems lower quality of work notable by all people even the workmates, lower levels of concentration in the workplace, high rates of hospitalization leading to increased absenteeism and the employee is no longer dependable. At this point the co-workers can feel the effect of the substance abuse as the abuser becomes more irritable and begins to borrow money from workmates. At the third stage the employer begins to notice although the employer may not clearly see the relation between the poor work performance and the substance abuse.This stage is also c haracterized by the abuser disappearance from work and the refusal to discuss the issue of substance abuse with other people. At this stage the abuser no longer hides the use of the substance and he or she suffers from financial or legal issues. The last stage is when the abuser sees the work as an obstacle to his substance use and therefore he or she might accept drug test so as to be laid off or the abuser may just disappear from work (Elliot and Shelley, 2009).AMELIORATIVE ACTIONS According to the U. S Department of labor, the issue of workplace substance abuse is best dealt with by establishing all-inclusive programs so as to achieve a win-win situation to both the workers and the employers. Developing a workplace program to deal with substance abuse at the workplace can reduce the cost incurred by businesses and at the same time improve the health status of the workers (U. S Department of Labor).There is no accurate model that can be perfect for a specific company but the needs and the circumstances of the individual organization are what determine the kind of program to adopt in solving substance abuse in the workplace. Training education is another action that can be taken to counter substance abuse in organizations. The supervisors are trained to understand the policy governing the issues of substance abuse in the organization so that they are able to correctly identify those employees who are in the vice and then refer them to the appropriate people for assistance; say counselors.The employees also need to be educated about the substance abuse program adopted by the organization so that they learn of any assistance that is available to them from the organization. Depending on the size of the organization it may either adopt an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) within the organization or outsource the program to other organizations specialized in the area. Drug testing is another action that can be used to reduce cases of substance abuse in organizatio ns.In this method the employees are tested for certain chemicals in their bodies and if the levels are too high then the employees are laid off from the organization depending with the formulated policies of the organization. The method is not feasible to many organizations because the drug test package is very expensive and drug testing is not allowed in all countries. Developing a strong discipline within the organization is a good option for those organizations that cannot afford the drug test (Patrick, 2009).In conclusion substance abuse has fatal effects on organizations both to the management and the employees. Substance abuse should therefore be eliminated in the workplace as it can lead to severe damages to the organization and at times it may also lead to the complete failure of an organization if the number of abusers is at a high level. Substance abuse not only affects the organization and the employee but it also affects the public as a whole.

Ideas for Fun Dates for College Students

Ideas for Fun Dates for College Students Being in college doesnt mean youre limited with ideas for fun dates. Even though finding the money, getting off campus, and being alone can seem complicated, these fun date ideas are easy to plan and enjoy. Mix up the dinner-and-a-movie tradition. Sure, dinner and a movie can be fun but it can also be expensive. Consider mixing it up by doing breakfast, brunch, or lunch and a movie. Youll save money on lunch vs. dinner and a matinee vs. a late night show. Additionally, you can still enjoy the rest of the day ... with each other, too, if things go well. Head to a museum with an interesting exhibit. Youre both in college, meaning you both like to learn new things. Head to a museum with a new and interesting exhibit. Youll have time to talk and hang out while also doing something fun and relaxing. Think small and head to a concert. Tickets for your girlfriends/boyfriends favorite band are perhaps out of your budget. Instead, find a local band playing somewhere nearby. Youll have a more intimate experience, get to hear some great music, and still have a fun night out. Go for a classic at a not-so-classic place. Heading out for a nice dinner is a timeless date idea, but paying for a super nice meal often isnt in a college students budget. Instead, mix it up by heading to a hole-in-the-wall place or even to a place that serves cuisine that is new for both of you. Youll have fun while exploring something new together. Do something your date is really into. Is your date really into dancing, for example? Consider heading to a dance troupe performance or even doing a one-time lesson of a kind of dance he or she has never done. Do something youre really into. Conversely, you might be really into something youre date has never experienced. If, for example, youre really into astronomy, consider taking your date out to a planetarium or even somewhere where you can show him or her your knowledge of the constellations once the stars come out. Do something new to both of you. Never taken a cooking class? A kayaking class? Sign up for a local (and usually cheap!) class that offers a one-time session for an hour or two. Youll have fun, learn something new, and definitely have something to laugh about later. Head to a farmers market. Farmers markets are nearly everywhere these days. Even if you dont have anything specific to buy (or a kitchen to store a ton of veggies in), the trip to the market, the time you spend walking around, and the conversation you can have about all the different foods, arts and crafts, etc., are all perfect ingredients for a fun date. Go see a musical, play, performance, etc., off campus. Even if youre at a huge public university, chances are youll see someone one or both of you knows. Head off campus for some kind of show to make sure your date, well, really feels like a date. Do something physical if you both like being active. If both of you enjoy being active, dont be afraid to incorporate that into a date. You can go for a hike, volunteer somewhere, or otherwise do something fun and engaging outdoors.

Some All Words and Expressions

Some All Words and Expressions Some All Words and Expressions Some All Words and Expressions By Maeve Maddox Youll hear some of these in conversation and see them on blog sites, but when it comes to formal writing, beware of these all words and expressions. all of I ate all of the cookies. The of is unnecessary. Better: I ate all the cookies. alright As my English teachers pounded into my brain, theres no such word as alright. There is the phrase all right. Is it all right if I search your house? already This word is an adverb. Too late! The cat has already eaten the canary. all ready This is a phrase. When you are all ready, Ill get the car. We were all ready to go to the movies. altogether This word is an adverb meaning entirely. Your idea is altogether wrong-headed. all together This is a phrase. All together, now, sing! The family was all together for Thanksgiving. alot This is the bane of English teachers and, I suppose, editors. The expression is a lot, two words. I like you a lot. My children read a lot. There is a word allot, a verb meaning to divide into lots. When I plan my day, I allot four hours to meals and a minimum of six hours to writing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-EfficientWork of Art Titles10 Humorous, Derisive, or Slang Synonyms for â€Å"Leader† or â€Å"Official†

Possible Impacts of NEOs with Earth Research Paper

Possible Impacts of NEOs with Earth - Research Paper Example When deciding the potential danger an NEO can ensue, the Torino Impact Hazard Scale, or simply the Torino scale, is consulted, which measures and categorizes the impact hazards that are associated with near-Earth objects. The Torino scale ranges from zero to ten, with zero is that there is no likelihood of a collision, though it also applies to smaller objects that burn up within the Earth’s atmosphere, and ten meaning that a collision is most certainly going to happen, â€Å"threatening the future of civilization as we know it.†3 The Torino scale is also split up into five colored zones: white, meaning no hazard, which consists of the zero level; green, normal, which consists of level one; yellow, meriting attention by astronomers, which consists of levels two, three and four; orange, threatening, consisting of levels five, six and seven; and red, certain collisions, which consists of levels eight through ten. Each color and number reveals certain levels of danger and damage in regard to each NEO that is discovered. The Torino scale allows astronomers to understand and keep an eye on certain NEOs that they believe could collide with the Earth, as well as brushing aside the ones that stand no chance of a collision. A meteorite hitting Earth’s atmosphere is a very common occurrence, though these are usually small enough to burn up within the atmosphere. Many of them that do make it past the atmosphere is tiny, often pebble-sized, by the time that they land on Earth’s surface. There are thousands that do not even make it to pebble-sized but end up as bits of dust. This in itself shows that an NEO impacting the Earth is very plausible, as it happens often with smaller, almost unnoticeable objects. It has been estimated that approximately 37,000-78,000 tons of mass of material fall to Earth on a yearly basis.4  There is sufficient proof that larger NEOs have collided with the Earth in past centuries, such as the asteroid that presumedl y wiped out the dinosaurs millions of years ago. Another larger NEO that has collided with the Earth is the meteorite that formed Meteorite Crater in Arizona over 50,000 years ago.